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Change in the perspective of discourse analysis
Zábrodská, Kateřina ; Snopek, M. ; Sedláček, L. ; Chmelařová, H. ; Kobes, T.
Discourse analysis represents a relatively new field of social scientific theory and research, which studies the constitutive effects of discourses and discursive practices. In psychology, its focus is mainly on the re/production of subjectivity. This paper introduces the possibilities of application of discourse analysis to the study of the varied relationship between discourse and change. The emphasis is put on the longitudinal, ontogenetic and social perspectives. The paper is an outcome of a collaborative effort of the authors who practice Foucauldian discourse analysis and critical discourse analysis. Their research on gender relations (gender subjectivity, asexuality, fatherhood) and ethnicity (the connotative meanings of ‘Gypsy’ ) represents different, yet compatible and mutually enriching conceptualizations of change.
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Psychologický projekt nenáboženské spirituality: spiritualita frčí
Říčan, Pavel
Concept of spirituality – originally theological – was secularized under the influence of the humanistic and transpersonal psychology. In its new, still not fixed and rather “ fuzzy” form, it includes a number of experiences, images, motives and traits taken over from the spiritual tradition of the West, partly also from the Orient. These are, especially, the sacred, orientation towards transcendence, the highest values (especially love, truth, and beauty), the meaning of life peak experiences, responsibility, conscience, etc. The generation of spiritual seekers of the sixties of the last century polarized spirituality against “ religion” , understood as degenerated, rigid, reactionary, just formally working institutions with formal, empty rituals, with unwarranted power claims, etc. The so-called non-religious spirituality was stressed. Since then, US churches were able to renew their influence and rapprochement of the concept of spirituality with the concept of Christian piety is being advanced. In this country where churches as a whole continue to fall and secularization is reaching its peak, it seems highly meaningful to examine, to cultivate, and to support spirituality in the sense as it was put forward by the seekers of the sixties, without regard if it appears in the churches or outside of them.
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Social cognition - eleven years after
Heller, Daniel
The author deals with the development in the field of social cognition in last eleven years using the example of a monograph by M. Augoustinos and I. Walker dedicated to social cognition, published first in 1995 and trying to integrate the European and American social cognitive approaches. In 2006, these two authors published - together with the third co-author Ngaire Donaghue - the overworked monograph under the same title. In the paper, these two publications that notably influenced both the research and the teaching in the field of social cognition are compared and the development of this substantial area of psychology is characterized by the means of examples of the most important topics of social cognition (e.g. social schemas, social representations, social identity, attribution, stereotypes).
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Gender stereotypes across generations
Hřebíčková, Martina
The aim of research was to find out whether gender stereotypes in different age periods converge.The gender-stereotypical personality was assessed along the Big Five personality factors by asking 2 different age groups of participants to rate a typical young, middle age, and old man or woman on these personality dimension.Gender stereotypes of personality characteristics were assesssed using the Czech version of the NCS.The NCS 30 bipolar items correspond to the 30 facets of the NEO-PI-R.Across all age periods in both groups of judges are girl/woman perceived as being more open to experience emotions,more compliant ,more modest and more tender-minded, more organized and more dutiful in comparison to boys/men.Boys/men in all three developmnetal periods were perceived as less able to withstand temptations in comparison to girls/woman.The comparison of the gender stereotype profile based on 30 personality traits showed a consistent pattern in perception of gender stereotypes...
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